Workout Equipment Blueprint

Summary: Platform Architecture Magazine recently published this article regarding the "bubble" that may hold the Architect in task without empathy with the real. Reproduce the article in question prepared by Andrés Briceño. Corrections: Arch Nicanor Wong

"(...) knowledge is an expression of shared responsibility for the collective good of humanity and the planet as a whole" (1).

What is relevant for some, may be irrelevant to others. That is a fact that usually roams in particular areas and suggests no chance of collective fact and fundamentally universal. If there is no food, you die, but die defecate. This is a significant event for all, that is universal.

When we speak of a universal need acquires its relevance to the scale needed to generate the instances - the right knowledge - the can be solved in the most efficient and specific as possible. This is the area that architects scattered throughout the world seems to cloud the art forward.

Chilean architect Alejandro Aravena, has exposed with remarkable clarity the dynamic linking to be the architect with the responsibility and social welfare, and that in general the architects seem to matter tangentially or with a limited aspect or deformed by own discipline and that over the years, technology and the huge differences between those who have the knowledge and resources to implement it, has become a way to "architecture", deflecting attention to the ego as proposed and no social welfare and can be built. Ie do from a bubble from an irrelevant source for the community.

is crucial to draw a right path in finding a solution provided by a particular formal language or, failing that, at the conclusion of an investigation that aimed to respond to something transcendent. For example: How to provide housing solutions without the resources to countries experiencing earthquakes as in the case of Haiti, Chile or Peru?, Or How architecture can help overcome the trauma of violence caused by drug trafficking in Mexico? or "From which urban integration strategy can improve the nutritional status of children in underdeveloped countries? For decades, this type of universal needs are so far from the architectural field initial questions that seem not to belong to the challenges of our nature.

To be clear, not just a sign of profession, but a phenomenon encouraged by the paradigm created by consumerism: differentiation.

The Annals of Improbable Research (2) delivers the antithesis of the Nobel prizes to the most absurd investigations of the moment: the IgNobel. Research to undertake the work of scientists around the world, as irrelevant as people discover that eats like a pack of stale chips if they are very crispy bite or fleas that dogs can jump farther than cat fleas.

is not placed on a speech that appeals to gravity in the interest of a particular character, but rather, is to stand on a platform to visualize the energy lost in it and the fact that immediately transforms into something relevant. Talking

energy and resources to produce it is a necessity that our contemporary demand and the complexity of it is growing every day. The planet does not stand another hundred years to the level of stress that printed the twentieth century. That is already happening.

Knowledge is to provide solutions, you just need the real intention to leave and face the open bubbles which gives the imbalance of resources in the world.

an angle to the nonsense, that is, a journey that takes a search on particular knowledge borne from a trivial question. Kinds of architects.

few days ago, I was able to attend a lecture by a Polish architect and academic named Tomasz Jaskiewicz, who is conducting research to understand what he and the academic institution that supports him, understood as the "future of architecture." Discussed a number of concepts with great potential but applied to the insipid game of experimentation for experimentation. For example, scale models with spaces that have the ability to transform completely, as a liquid mass, due to the interaction of the user and through hydraulic joints or deformable bladders absolutely could interact with the user. The search and the resources associated with it are simply wasted energy.

Alejandro Jodorowsky

has exposed more than once the beginning of the path that transformed his work was the death of his son and, through it, understand that art for art's sake is not the way that art needs precisely but the angle and energy must be directed towards finding healing.

More than 200 million people lack safe drinking water in South America, 1,400 million (equivalent to ¼ of the population of developed countries) living on less than US1.25 per day, 1,000 million poor people migrate to cities for 2030 are some transcendent data can be obtained easily in publications worldwide.

and powerful countries have invested millions of dollars a year for the generation of knowledge. The ranking of universities in the world is overwhelming and more than 80% are U.S. and other developed countries and a minimum percentage corresponds to developing countries or underdeveloped right.

Jeremy Rifkin, a noted intellectual, American sociologist and economist, has launched its latest and tremendously inspiring book called "The Empathy Civilization." In it, Rifkin develops a theoretical basis that strips humanity as an entity that has developed its modern growth based on competition and self-centered systematic differentiation of consumerism, which contradicts the essence of human empathy. For him, the future of mankind is subject to change that paradigm and transform it into an integrated network of collaboration and empathic awareness.

The future is to understand the reality and address the transit of energy to overcome the global and interconnected needs and not towards the creation of bubbles of knowledge that seek to solve inventions and not realities.

References:

(1) Rifkin, Jeremi, "Civilization tie, the race towards a Global Consciousness in a World in Crisis," Editorial Paidos, 2010.

(2) http://vimeo.com/12420268

Does A Hematoma Dissolve?

Ethics Office behind

observations about the book: "Against the indifference as a standard" Moneo and Siza
By: Germain del Sol Stuven

On the text of Rafael Moneo on Alvaro Siza - Vieira, I propose to analyze the major issues revolving around the idea of \u200b\u200barchitecture. Whereas

Moneo begins by giving some hints about what characterizes the Portuguese architect, then implement its parameters in a detailed analysis of some of his works, I think the important thing in this essay is to highlight those aspects that made Siza a unique artist, and I think this requires, first of all, understand the ethics in which builds his craft.

If we take into account some of the teachings of Sartre, "Existentialism is a Humanism" understand that he gives responsibility to the individual. But not a single individual but an individual who is part of a social body and that the same thing - saying in simple - should weigh their actions according to what the world if they all acted like him. I mean, is not revolutionary try to change their minds masses or adhere to certain doctrines, but is the man in the privacy of their decisions, changing the world and sets the example.

In the context of modernism, where perhaps the ego of the artist has been greatly overrated, becomes even more value the presence of a character like Alvaro Siza, faithful keeper of ethics to do the things taught to them.

a greater or lesser extent we are all witnessing the proliferation of architectures purely aesthetic, in which it appears that the architect wanted to yell at the pedestrian: "I built this, look at me." Projects planned for the facade, or photo published. But Moneo, Siza said about that "he does not act simply reveals that with which we are surprised." I understand from the above that the architect is not to impose ways of living, or move. Asked how it works, Siza replied that first looks, and then recognizes the reality, always attentive to the place, people, materials.

For this reason, it appears that their work is not - obviously - the God who creates, in every sense of the word, but the poet, who takes what exists, and gives a new look. The boldness of his job is to stop, to understand what happens in the place, how people move, what are your needs. His expertise lies in being able to envision what occurs, and give it a suitable place.

is why that does not fit the modern egotistical, and that when this purpose is fulfilled, the artist disappears. Siza says also that "a place is what it is and what he wants to be" and then "No, I test the wood of the ship at sea, the excesses would destroy it. Study of currents, eddies. Hence not make much sense to require the space that is, from scratch, what the architect wants.

The aim will be to take what already exists, and let him become what he wants to be. Through their greater or less in harmony with man, the architect will try to what is already present, get its heyday in the work. But this does not happen if it is isolated from the randomly projected own life, seeking the new for the new, in the coldness of his study. Instead, it passes into contact with reality and ambivalence in the understanding of the epicenter of conflict that any human activity.

And I understand that is the way to solve this problem where art is born itself, whose end result is - tell Siza - always a surprise. For as he is not expecting the place to become a given, the finished project appears in the eyes and the way congenial clearest available variables. Y. when this is achieved without ostentation, could not be less than shocking.

It serves as an example of this, the Boa Nova restaurant, which receives a steep rocky area Siza by the sea. The architect could have blown up the rocks, and built on what came to his whim. But, according to the ethics that we have described, he chooses to take advantage of what the landscape offers not to imitate, but to articulate their project around it.

And that does not mean, that seems absurd example, that the restaurant should have a rock to resemble his environment, but simply that the walls emerge from adopting them its essential characteristic, the foundation. Then

then comes the determination, what Siza "says" about what was already said, the horizontal line of the roof which unequivocally states modest but human presence through a geometric continuity, nonexistent in nature (the line .)

Something similar can be seen in the pools of Leca da Palmeira, where he again received a rocky Siza, this time with a different mission. To allow people to bathe, the only thing really needed was to contain and appease the waters, which the architect gets small vertical walls rising from the rocks that allow water to accumulate and do not drain.

But it's the little details that matter. Why not build all the walls that can, but only the essentials, using rocks to perform the remaining work. And I would not call it minimalism, but common sense, consciousness scale, finally, humility.

As if that were not enough examples, we Malagueira social housing, where to get organized parking cars, painting Siza no lines of demarcation, it is sufficient to establish the extent of the street just for that to happen as happens. In poetic terms, we would say that verse will not construct the reader, gives only the foot forced to so he can finish.

In conclusion, we could say that the work of Siza light shines out from the inside, talking with what things are in essence, and this is given by a strong sense of responsibility involved in making architecture.

So out with the feeling that the origin of the quality of his work is in ethics, not aesthetics.

Moreover, I think he built from the incessant questions from the contrasts, so if we get to look like in his last works was diverted some of the usual way, we will see Pessoa come to his defense: "Nothing is more representative of life that those news of newspapers that give the lie to what those same newspapers said yesterday "(Book of Disquiet, Emecé).

Snow Plow For Rc Cars

Education and Architecture 1

Synthesis: The Architect José Beingolea Del Carpio, give the digital copy of the Journal CIEN of July 1, 2010, interview with Dr. Carmen Germain-Palacios about the possibility of teaching and learning architecture. Then he moved the letter.

... (excerpt of the conversation between Socrates and Meno about the deductions made by an illiterate slave up to the formula square area ....)

SOCRATES: These thoughts were on it (the slave) or they were not?
MENON: they were ...
SOCRATES which is ignored both in himself true opinions on just as ignorant.
MENON: apparently ...
SOCRATES: And these opinions, they come to wake up, like a dream ....
"Meno or Virtue" PLATON

Architecture Can it be taught?

The edges of difficulty perceived by students and professional architects in the vicinity of this issue and the inability to understand such difficulties by those who have not participated (even as observers) in the experience of architectural (1) suggest highlight the intrinsic need for architecture-which is traditionally part of the family of the professions (2) - to be treated with discretion not only vocational and functional or Profesiographic. Large and very old university is the disquisition about reconciling the estimate as the human career field and the field itself Profesiographic purpose of structuring the training rationalities of curricula, to be the case that at present the territory of the former discussion is narrowed so much that in some academic circles until it comes dangerously near losing sight of the essential distinction between profession and vocation as well as meaning that this difference is related to vocational training frameworks (3).

This contemporary situation and its context of reference beyond the present essay, and therefore, focused on the topic at hand-rescue as the first point, the vocational dimension understood as essential feature corresponding to exercise and training of students in architecture.

What you learn and from where and how to learn the architectural? Born

participant observation, a critical-about features and complex internal processes that underlie the psychological dynamic of the student professional and architecture, is able to see certain matches, but mostly comes to discover significant dissonance between the way that - at the time of creative practice - are related discursive thought and plastic-symbolic thinking that certain psychological schools often called intelligence Space (4). Of old is known the difference in cognitive processing (thought) between the areas iconic plastic-rhythmic, and the inferential or hypothetical-deductive also called rational discourse, but in this particular case we refer to the special combination that arises between the two modes mainly to the complex challenges of development conceptual design. A closer look, you find that between two ways of thinking, there is a network of references on reality are essentially different from each other, but not excluding all of which in turn, calls into question the principles and forms of conventional learning as applicable or suitable to the case under observation. The eye sheds light on this question the very possibility of teaching something like architecture, is, among other things critical to the approach of teaching-learning scenarios. And we say "teaching something like ..." because without trying to address definitions, or even boundaries about essentially to the fact architectural reliefs only from close observation, the affiliation between the creative act (in this case architecture) and symbolic cognition (non-verbal) of the real (5), and certainly by itself with the artistic fact essential to its plastic-kinetic dimensions and also in the musical. (6) It raised the status of origin, we will discuss in installments in this publication the following issues: the right way to approach the subject, aptitude own network architecture, and finally the affective-emotional correlates of complex learning.

1. Initially interested or clear the appropriate ways to approach this topic, I'll leave it tentatively formulated:

- Is there a cognitive and attitudinal infrastructure that supports the identification, prioritization and dosing own learning content to the architecture? "And if it were, how does the interdisciplinary field between universes open architecture, philosophy and educational psychology can lead to a better insight of the subject?

- Is it possible to establish meaning between these broad codes of meaning?

Currently, the research methodology of human studies, acknowledges the need to approach certain phenomena through alternative procedures than those proposed by also called natural sciences (7). As we know the methods derived from and inspired by the scientist or factual position, are based on certain assumptions as the necessary repeatability and reversibility of the facts for better "control", the representativeness of the samples, on variables constructs and indicators, objectivity and externality of the researcher on the subject of study and the need to obtain records "measurable regularities" that are generalizable to universes represented by the sample under study. For his part, and if it is true that some human sciences schools make use of similar methods and techniques (8), increasingly today, humanist and scientific communities are in the need to develop more appropriate ways of approaching the nature of studying phenomena such as behavior, culture and learning and conventional methods, to come from another sphere of reality (9) and in its effort to obtain regularities tend to reduce distortions, poorer and getting to deny what is not enough to describe. Currently, cognitive psychology, perceptual and imagery, as well as studies of learning and human development potential in different cultural matrices also claim anthropology and social sciences better synergies and most acutely in the descriptions. No exception to this picture the situation of modern neuroscience and its relationship to health studies learning and homeostasis.

In this context the call appears in the SXX as a serious effort to provide ways to approach that respects the complexity of those planes and levels in which reality manifests itself in subtle ways (no tangible or quantifiable) to achieve levels of understanding would be no need to "dissect" the psychological or cultural reality. Behavioral traits, intelligence, learning, interests, feelings, human motivations and different cultural matrices belong among other things to the phenomena studied by the sciences, and it is necessary to emphasize that the qualitative research are addressed, fits and feeds directly into the transcendental philosophical thinking, being able to trace their roots far into the Western tradition. The territory of human consciousness, their properties, attributes and intentionality, are epistemological axis of reflection from the dawn of Western philosophy and is very significant to the topic at hand the contributions of transcendental philosophy from Husserl and further travel thought that the figures of Brentano, Heidegger, Max Shel, Merleau Ponty and Gadamer and Ricoeur in deepening and developing the phenomenological and hermeneutic phenomenology. Questions regarding the relationship between language and thought, thought and action, subjectivity and objectivity, space-time and self-knowledge, are worked from the perspectives offered by the philosophy of transcendental consciousness and the unfolding of interpretation, making contributions to unavoidable research methodology with concepts like epoché (temporary reduction focus and scope of the proposed perception) phenomenon and essence (noumenon), flat (true depth of focus), intentionality and focus, resonance, empathy, and inclusion subjective-objective (abolition of the classical epistemic dichotomy.) The concomitant contributions of hermeneutics and science of meaning (semiotics, semantics) and Orthodox knowledge about the universal archetypal symbolism (10), are completing the complex mosaic that can adequately address the manifestations of symbolic creativity in the analog contextualized case by cross-cutting aspects of space and livability. (11)

splits the delicate fabric of observation and trial as the topic suggests, is framed and on a phenomenological and interpretive framework to empower, in the case of this trial-the presentation of qualitative aspects which will approach the second report: higher cognitive domains and processes of the design space: the interior space of consciousness.

NOTES:

(1) The Experience of Architecture RASSMUSEN, Steen, Editorial Reverte
(2) Profesiographic talking some traditional careers such as architecture, medicine and education connote intrinsic need to comprehensively address the training aspects personnel with the proper academic and are designed to develop skills, abilities and mastery of certain information. This is not the case in other professions purely technical or expressly aimed at solving the problems emerging in contemporary societies. Also be added to the first two professions mentioned, the fact of being able to exercise independently.
See also the independence of the professions SEARA GONZALEZ Luis
(3) http://vocacionprofesional.tripod.com / www.upn011.edu.mx/publicaciones/.../0011.html
(4) The second half the XX century was marked by a tendency to explain the cognitive functions based on topological specialization precise anatomical reference ... In the last 10 years has taken up a more functional view of the subject, whose interior can be found theories of multiple intelligences and emotional intelligence, and more recently still, the modular operation of the mind, language and brain. Carruthers, Peter (2006-2010)
(5) L 'intuition de l'instant BACHELLARD, Gaston Gonthiers, 1966
(6) George Steiner, Real Presences, Ed
Destination 2007 (7) science facts and science ideas is a consistent approach in which thinkers such as Hegel and Wundt, but within science such as Dilthey made a distinction between the human sciences (commonly called human) and natural sciences. In any case this issue shows the difficulties of discrimination and understanding held between the epistemological and ontological levels of reality.
(8) Especially in statistical and possibly in the psychometric although many atingentes ...
(9) The discontinuous, measurable and adaptable to externally built models
(10) I refer particularly to works such as Eliade, Mircea and Durand, Gilbert
now can easily be investigated on the web to confirm the relationship with this interesting subject.
(11) www.monografias.com/trabajos78/glosario-educacion-artistica/glosario-educacion-artistica.shtml Debray, R. Vie et mort de l'image: une histoire du Regard in Occident. Paris: Gallimard, 1992.

Biography of Dr. Carmen Germain - Palacios
Psicopedagoga Seoane and researcher at CCSS. Educating for art and artist

1. Education:
Catholic University of Peru and Ecuador: Humanities. Doctoral of Philosophy Degree in Education, Educational Psychology.
Doctorate in Education.
Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain, Educational Anthropology.
University of Texas at Austin, Post doctoral studies in Art Education & Studio Art

2. Work experience as a teacher, consultant and researcher: Teaching
teacher training and humanities professorships in Catholic Universities Peru and Ecuador, Universidad de Lima, Universidad Agraria La Molina National University of Engineering and other institutions. Driving
counseling programs and organizational development.
Research and consultancy in education-school education and professional qualification alternative to national and international level.
design and conduct of comprehensive development programs and teacher training for childcare workers and the street.
advice, consultancy and design educational programs for management of basic health and human development oriented rural children and adults. Integration of computer
Mastery intercultural bilingual education in Peru and Bolivia. Departments
psychoeducational higher education level

3. As a freelance, project development
education through art, creating synesthetic approach that integrates itself bioenergetically the universal language of music, dance, theater and visual arts.

4. Research, publications and professional presentations in the following areas: a.
Education, Culture, Self and Freedom:
b. Individual potential college students in the areas of emotional, affective, intuitional and physiotherapy
c. Priority Agenda in Adult Education. D.
Construction of Subjectivity and learning groups in contemporary Peru: diversity, turnover and marginality
e. Intercultural citizenship, power and socio-analysis

67 Camaro Project Cars For Sale

Sunday Song

Dejected, I come home late

with the weight of the night in tow

and even the words are put against me.


The moon turns its back on me,

while

lovers eager to find a shelter looking for the magic


secret hidden in the windows


a hotel room.

disheveled, my soul wanders

knocked out by

dawn and the sun burn wounds. Lose


Atleti, but it is not news

and waves spread out and move everything clutter creep
Surf
Monday.

Breadman Ultimate Plus Pan Replacement

Three buildings are built, one going to the landfill

By: Nicanor Wong Arch
jnwong@caplima.pe

Summary: Although it is impossible to believe, studies by Soibelman (Soibelman, Lucio, 2000) and Skoyles (Skoyles, Edward : 1996), studies in Brazil and England, respectively, show that in the construction activity there is a 30% waste., ie, in three buildings, one goes to landfill.

Soibelman tells "... I have lived construction sites and all my life I've had the feeling that something is wrong in how we're doing construction and I have always been challenging. " Indeed, construction, unlike other areas, it will focus primarily on profitability, but is hidden within this range number is commonly called "waste."

If approximately 70% of the cost of construction is referred to materials, handle the remaining means to control a large percentage of the total cost. The manual states that should be included within the construction budget by 5% of wasted materials, but ... Is this real? Actually, no, as demonstrated by studies in the field.

Sobielman waste means using more than that does not generate any value, or added or the final product. For the study by eight months surveyed small-scale works. The first thing he did was measure and count everything that had to commissioning work. Calculated how much material had to be used to deliver part of a building and then reviewed all receipts for all materials so far, determining how much was spent. The difference is the waste. Sobielman focused on certain important items: steel, concrete, cement, mortar, sand, without finishing and partitions.

Bloess According to studies and rovings (Bloess and rovings: 1984) is within the concept of waste, time. Between 20% to 30% of the time an operator is lost due to lack of tools and materials, about 2 hours of lost wages obtaining the materials and tools you need to work. WASTE CLASS



One is natural, inevitable, for which the investment by getting rid of him is greater than the savings you get to remove it.

Another is the indirect one that is hidden from factory production to the location on site, for example, make slabs slightly thicker than those specified in plans without this need.

indirect wastage is due to the way it is for instance a carry the same where the pieces of masonry to crack. You may also be due to their origin, either by the manufacturing process, delivery, etc. Skoyles

recorded an interesting fact in their investigations. Studying the aggregates, the use of the sand had a 15 to 20% of waste that could not justify as cement mixtures were made correctly. Someone discovered the cause. The trucks brought a huge water tank to be cubed initially, to download m3 of sand was unloaded also the cylinder, stealing 15% of the material. It took 5 years to realize that paying the cost of water to sand.

But waste is not only measurable in building materials or man-hours but also in natural resources, namely energy, water and other inputs which gives us the planet to make them. WASTE AND PRODUCTIVITY



Among the conclusions obtained by Soibelman found that in the place where there is less waste had increased productivity and conversely, where more waste, lower productivity. But the consequences were not so alone there. Found that in the places where they had greater waste was where customers had more complaints after delivering the work. Clearly, if you are doing wrong things, the end is bad.

According to data collected in 2000 found that, in theory - what the books say construction - the cost of materials plus labor amounts to about 80% of the total cost of waste with a margin of between 5% to 12% of the total cost. Now imagine - within the theoretical - that the profit margin you add the indirect cost rate (by saving waste) close to zero. The utility for the general contractor is very interesting. If the profit for a U.S. construction company is 3% and 7% in Mexico imagine that with a low percentage of waste and increased productivity by 6% let us add extra. Who can get this benefit for the company? The first conclusion

Sobielman reporting is a waste of up to 8 times the value of the compositions of the costs, then how to explain the numbers that appear in books with an estimated 5%, 7% or 10% depending on the material that is used? Comes from an estimate based statistical data collection and the materials inventory versus those executed in each process. Empirical data collected so since the obscure inventory control services of value in the process of receiving, storage, transfer to the workplace, unidentified material substitution ... This defect does not have a hidden value but has no impact on book value, yes it is economically profit margins and quality. Not control the waste generated in low productivity work, such a poorly designed layout (physical distribution of materials on site), lack of adequate tools and materials, time wasted in transporting materials or pending material.

Sobielman concludes: "... the waste of material is mainly caused by poor management practices and not by the use of skilled labor ..." and continues: "... there is no method available to control the material. Consequently there is a lot of waste and a lack of knowledge on the impact of waste. " Under construction companies realize the importance of Logistics in work, as "... the Productive Chain (Supply Chain) dealing with the planning, implementation and efficient control of normal and reverse flow and storage of goods, Related information and services, from their point of origin to point of consumption, by way of fully satisfying customer needs "(Council of Supply Management Professionals, 2003). Which will be covered in another article.

SOURCES:

- Soibelman, Lucio. 2000. Waste Material in the Construction Industry: Analysis and Control. Cuadernos FICA. Mexico.
- Skoyles Edward. 1982. Waste and the estimator. Chartered Institute of Building. England.
- rovings, James and Bloess, John. 1984. Modern Innovations in Scheduling Techniques. AACE Transactions. USA.
- Council of Supply Management Professionals. 2003. Fundamentals of Supply Chain Management. Educational Workshop. USA.

Streaming Otome Valkiri Uncensored

his back to the moon

From behind

the moon does the world look different

dark

like crows fleeing

now that spring is approaching.


his back to the moon

seems like another life, perhaps as a

eternal night, tinged with loneliness

built.


his back to the moon

views lead to the abyss,

the rotten apple that appears



ashes burning in hell.


his back to the moon takes its toll



time and it seems that nothing is as it was

and what was and is nothing

one last stop,

the ultimate end of man.

Dog Training Ubiór

De the possibility to act to Build.

By: Nicanor Wong Arch
jnwong@caplima.pe

Abstract: The performance of any building project requires a pre-processing stage is crucial. This article attempts to show the value of same because of the consequences that a good or bad management plan will result in changes that can then become claims.

If in the previous article that you should ideally be equal to the cost for this benefit can be realized not only will have to take special care in planning and monitoring processes within the act of building but also in quality management , human resources and communication between agents involved in any process building complex.

Every company looks for a profit margin either from the real estate (finance and marketing) or building (technical and management). However, both the client and the architect or the executor have to incorporate four additional areas that have always been present at one time and have found a policy area:

1. Security Management
2. Partner Impact Management - Environmental
3. Management Project Funding
4. Claims Management

complementary areas are not joint management theorists. In reality they are a group of people - with or without a representative - firms or municipal, state or nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).

a. BASIC PRINCIPLES

Since construction is a process that involves insiders external and beyond the machine tool or the work of cabinet or office, to the agents will have to notice three basic conditions for a successful implementation and to better manage the changes that manage claims during or after work. These three principles are:

1. Principle of authority, clarify who makes the rules. Usually be the Owner and Project Manager.
2. Good faith work: remove any "hidden agenda" is to say all those expectations from the start and are made only await the right moment to "unlock" the Owner or Project Manager.
3. Be socially responsible: Owner, Project Manager and Construction Manager have to be respectful not only to regulations of the area where the work is done with the building industry but for internal and external staff where it is located. For example, times in which the truck mixers to obstruct a public highway in rush hour traffic. Within that principle the Project Manager must consider especially the needs, interests and legal rights of these human groups and external agents that could impact the Project so as not to block it. Going to the extreme case in which the Work has to be frozen, for example due to problems with the Union of Workers, Management will pay wages and settle the bill for all workers and then re start the work under conditions in which workers are entering for the Project and in doing so, you can use arguments such as a contractual review prior medical.

The union issue is of utmost importance in any work. It is extremely important for anyone who manages the project will not only be socially responsible but keep control within the workers' committee. In any case, claims submitted by external or internal, it is advisable that conciliation with the same or in another venue, under a legal or police who sows the principle of authority. B.

DOMESTIC WORKERS

Whether in the form of sub contract or contractor, these organizations providing a service must also be governed under the basic principles but with other considerations. For example:

- What will be required during the implementation process?
- Will contribute expertise and knowledge to my staff?
- What are the strengths and weaknesses of these companies?
- What level of authority is going to give?
- What legal rights protects them or they will require? For example: If you make a contract with a company of tower cranes, the operator must be fully qualified (approved) by the distributor of such a machine.
- What means of communication and frequency will be maintained for exchange of information?

It is also extremely beneficial for all parties to create a climate for the project, which is involved in decision-making within the level of authority being granted. C.

IDEAL MODEL TO THE REAL

real thing as they approach a construction project that will not go into serial stages but overlap. That is, between the design and integration phases (compatibility) of the specialties, planning and procurement of contractors or sub contractors and their respective implementation control changes will basically two scenarios:

1. The design phase is not yet entirely harmonizes with the other specialties and, consequently, the scope is affected, creating uncertainty about the risks that may occur.
2. That during the implementation phase the Contractor encounter unexpected changes outside the terms of the contract. For example, faults are discovered important, an unexpected decline in the stock market or the domestic or foreign politics, a natural disaster ...

To cushion the uncertainty generated by the risks you take when you run a play and not succumb to the "dead time" or partial shutdowns, the figure can be used to hire a Construction Manager. Before you mentioned this figure. Such a person has an essential characteristic: a lot of experience in project implementation, therefore, is able to remove or curtail the process of "packages" without having the design yet fully integrated with other specialties in various eventualities.

changes during the execution of the work produces stresses which the Construction Manager is to manage jointly with the Owner and Project Manager. These tensions could be imagined as a pyramid, where the triangular base at its vertices have cost, quality and time., while the top is the range. What is changed to stretch or contract by either side affect the shape of the pyramid structure: stress. Preferably, this pyramid is to save as the equilateral quality. Often given the contrary to the adage "suffers now and then laughs." Therefore a major change, less constructive. Nor must we wait for the Construction Manager will be able to do magic. D.

CONSTRUCTION AND PLANNING THE GEOMETRIC

could be defined as "the optimum use of construction knowledge and experience in planning, design and field operations to achieve the objectives of the project (Construction Industry Institute. 1987. AM University).

adjetivización The constructability as the verb is crucial in the study, development and implementation of construction systems. Too often we fall into viable designs due to absence of approach in the construction system and technical specifications. Does the acceleration of technical processes is the pace of integration and the design and planning? Just the opposite. In the previous article, "Construction, Process, Management and the Architect" (http://arkhe-noticias.blogspot.com/2010/04/construccion-proceso-gestion-y-el.html. Revised 10 May 2010) the emphasis is on the stage of starting the project as extremely critical. Without a good foundation the building will not stand. Even the ISO will handle warranty as the "what" but not "how." Each piece is unique and unique.

Great responsibility is assumed by the project architect to stay only in the creative stage without further coordination with the Project Manager and Construction. I called as geometric planning will be understood as viewing during the creative stage of the construction process, ie, how will joining the pieces. This means dealing with concepts modulation and arrangement of parts. For example, if the project has the size to use a tower crane will be located where their work is to be effective? Or where to place the prefabricated elements, camping, workshops and access facilities., How that piece was hoisted to its final location? It's a view the work setting. That is why the project architect is not an autonomous entity within the process, but - necessarily - have experience building industry.

The project architect must seek not only unwarranted complexities including, but - simultaneously - the "what to build" not include excessive restrictions on the "how to build." In other words, a sequence allowing the intervention of agents and themselves to make their requirements within the project. Also, the design has to have some ability to replace parts and finished by other alternative under the skilled labor and materials are available on the market., Further agree that you are up to date with innovations in tools, materials and techniques constructive. Clearly, the architect, in his role as "creative" transcends the same. Will possible to executable and vice versa, knowledge that is acquired only with previous practical work.

depend on the magnitude of the project so that the designer can determine - in integrated work with the engineering building - the possibility of using prefabricated or preassembled to enable the remote making them, not take up space in the ground and cause congestion of the operations carried out there, especially when working conditions are difficult. For example, work in wet areas or on steep slope.

Standardizing the project architect has to understand not the infinite replication of a form, but the clever use of it so that it accords the possibilities Feasibility of civic work in full knowledge of all requirements by the client and builder from project conceptualization.

So that the work has a high degree of constructability has to combine the following elements: proper coordination of project plans systematic reconciled with the manager of it for proper planning, commitment to internal and external actors and the achievement the objectives of short, medium and long term.

The project in itself, will bring changes. If from the boot process, the project is not "fully" as defined in the fields of design, engineering and management, thereby leaving to resolve uncertainties in play, the tensions can pyramid to sacrifice the quality of the work (trade off), setting out the budget and deadline extensions: loss. The golden rule is: better manage changes to manage future claims. E.

PRODUCTIVITY

as a capacity or level of output per unit of work, studies presented in percentages the relationship between working hours and efficiency of workers (Oglesby at al. 1989. Productivity Improvement in Construction. Mc Graw Hill. USA). It will therefore important to take into account the human aspect of fatigue and work stress issues are not resolved only with productivity bonuses. The direct impact is on cost and duration of the phases of the project. For example, if the workers camp area is removed from the project and the paths to the work area are in poor condition, if the conditions under which you perform a certain task are adequate lighting, air exchange, temperature ... matters other than PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)., we must take account of the time working hours.

Moreover overcrowding can be understood as the entry to the work of several actors who, given the shorter time of delivery, the percentage of inefficiency in the operations increases. For example, if you paint a room is a painter, his efficiency will be commensurate with their expertise. If we have two eventually reduce but not necessarily have ten efficiency and reduces time, and no loss of efficiency and money. It will be important that the client is present in numbers the cost of loss for this case so that it can grant an extension of time.

between productive and constructive are closely linked. Another curiosity of the contemporary system of construction is the separation - under the name of "specialization" - between the various actors in the early phase of the project. I mean, if internationally may be the architectural drawings in NY, London and engineering in China details the coordination can be equally or more distant to be within the same office. So we have a design section, other computing and engineering, another of quantities and budgets, other financial, other management purposes. The approach has been handling the stovepipe, the mental barriers that "finished" work in an area and passed to the other without having to accept the return of the same lack of data or lack of stock finished in materials, for example. Nothing better than a coordinated approach in all areas involved. Within this approach is also correct and complete definition of the order of the principal and the exhaustive study of it to satisfy. For example, if the client requested the design of a Clinical Analysis Laboratory, the designer has to soak and make the consultations on all of the conditions constractibilidad beyond basic reading manuals or, alternatively, if the principal changes the scope of the project and requested that instead of two levels is three or four. Although the relationship be negotiated tensions caused pyramidal and black and white show the impact of change, the designer will not be limited the repetition of the template class it has to coordinate with other stakeholders on the impact that this new range is on it.

According to studies by Alarcón and Mardones, 1998 in Santiago de Chile, after a study of four buildings were identified fourteen key issues that led to changes, delays and, consequently, increased risks and costs during implementation. Below are presented in order of priority:

1. Little detail of the structural elements
2. Lack of architectural drawings
3. Incompatibility between the architectural drawings with the other specialties
4. Crossing information
wrong with the structure 5. Lack of definition of the technical specifications of the architecture
6. Changes at the
structures 7. Lack of adequate dimensions in architecture
8. Lack of identification and placement of elements of architectural drawings
9. Materials and finishes are required samples and approval
10. Problems with the axes
11. Defects in the design of drains
12. Crossing incorrect information architecture
13. Principal design changes
14. Other

is clear that, in general, the process of construction are not isolated phases. Experience shows in the construction sector is very difficult to combine the design and construction phases, initially because since modernity began to take shape the showdown between the two that in the late modern curdle in the field of teaching in a bad architecture mechanistic interpretation of the Industrial Revolution. The stage design does not end until the end of the project. It's like a living organism in which return flows - in this case for reconsideration or fitness information - for purification and purging of harmful elements to it. The study by Alarcón and Mardones considered under "other" efforts of licenses and other entities that mandate the work as completed., there are also efforts to consider approval of plans to the same entities.

current quality standards required to break the traditional management system construction design under the dual model of cost and time. Therefore, the approach must be multidimensional plan within a Project Management Plan.

f. THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLAN

itself is a formal document that defines how execute, supervise and monitor the project. Indeed, the level of detail of this document varies according to the magnitude of it is closely related to the contract terms.

This plan should be supported by:

1. Executive Strategy: Planning geometric
-
constructability analysis - Work fronts
- Temporary Works
- Ancillary works
- Main equipment
-
constructive methods
2. Production strategy:
- Planning (the) system (s) of production
- Planning (the) production processes

Usually, the production system is described as a train of work in a single lane (time work) and among wagons, leaving some "slack" in a "just in case an unforeseen happens." Humanly know of the existence of "slack" implicitly meant that it was part of the first carriage so that, when genuinely needed to "play" they no longer exist.

The most practical is to design the production system and several trains of work in several lanes, adding the length of the rails, is equal to the time-intensive. Seen this way, the ABC's first rail train appears under a stream moving more and so on until a time of "final cushion of protection" or "unexpected clearance." Conceived in this way work time is reduced substantially since the pace of activities execution can proceed in parallel and not continuous., view and even critical points and better manage change.

Substrate For Greek Tortoise

Construction, Process, Management and Charter

By: Nicanor Wong Arch
jnwong@caplima.pe

Summary: This article is intended for the design of the building activity designed as a process with a range of actors that must interact organically within process called management.

ideological After the revolt of the nineteenth century, especially the reform of industrial processes, architecture becomes closer and closer to metaphysical speculation and why not? Artistic, seeking its raison d'etre.

All building is the result of a process in which various actors have been involved. Like any entity tangible and material, is susceptible of improvement, not only from the materiality of the building but also of the many factors involved. These factors will not be reduced to the elements, techniques and tools but also building and basically people.

will be important to clarify that building as an activity, looking for a profit: profits. But can this be the last end of it? It is also clear that the building has a cause and a purpose. The case, an application and designed to meet a need. So what is to be located about the benefit and service in building activity? Most tend to place it in the middle, like the scholastic concept of virtue "in medio virtus" (virtue in the middle). As process technology uses this concept, it is optimal that the concept is the similarity between the two, between profit and service, both concepts must be assumed as one from the ethical and anthropological.

Indeed, the logic clear: to provide a service first have to "know" deliver. Ie, "no one can offer what has not." The ability have a range of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to make a project viable is not locked into a cycle inorganic. Since it is people who interact in this process all undergo a change, however not all learning experience but also may mean error or ignorance. The recreation of wrong acts go against the concept of constructive activity and its purpose, against the benefit and service. It will be a vice. While virtue may be defined as the repetition of acts that improve the subject officer, the vice is the opposite.

W. Edwards Deming (1900-1993) introduced the concept of "Continuous Improvement Cycle", summarized in four stages going as an ascending spiral:

1. Plan: to study the current situation, define the problem, its causes and develop a plan for improvement.
2. Do: understand how to execute the plan.
3. Review: confirm that there has been an improvement.
4. Respond: to institutionalize the plan so that it is a standard action.

error Deming Cycle application is in the fourth. The institutionalization of a "way to" stop the cycle to be in contradiction with the "institutionalization" of it. It becomes a routine event, a paradigm whose meaning fades into the mind of the performer. Therefore

that the model could be corrected as follows:

1. Initiation: Defines and authorizes the project or phase. Set a limit.
2. Planning: define and clarify the objectives and plans the course of action required within established limits.
3. Execution: integrating people and resources to carry out planned.
4. Monitoring and control-measures and regularly monitors the implementation progress to verify the deviations from the schedule. Take corrective action.
5. Closing: formalizing acceptance of the product, service or result and concludes orderly project or phase.

This model, unlike the former is apparently linear start and end, but more effective than the first. Distinguish the efficiency of the effectiveness in the former tend to the ability - acquired - to produce a given effect while the second (effective) means the ability to get a perfection. Be because in the end result or where the efficiency becomes effective, where the power happens to act, where the benefit to service. The model, in fact, is cyclical and feedback to all implementing parties. I mean, the feedback loop and further will happen as a rotational movement between the planning processes (section 2) and implementation processes (3). Now this cycle, guided by planning (Section 2) within the limits of power (point 1) and end (point 5) it will be useless without the monitoring and control (Section 4). All points mentioned in this paragraph are for the implementation of building activity (point 5) but, what we call "monitoring work is part of its nature and without it, work is no doubt! But flawed and, therefore, less profitable, less useful.

Now, as the chapter of "Project Management Institute of Peru, in the" Guide to Project Management, PMBOK, fourth edition, 2008, states that there are forty-two processes within the Project Management, divided into nine areas of knowledge. Refer the most important (1):

1. Project integration management: a building project is the sum of parts but their integration. It is a case similar to the presentation of plans for a work, where the architecture does not match the structures and the previous two with the other specialties because each specialist is a sub-contracted, if there are changes in the architecture, creep problems in all other specialties so that rather avoid trouble and - as the municipalities reviewed los planos por separado con sus “Comisiones Técnicas”, pasa desapercibido. Un aparente “ahorro” para la empresa ejecutante. Nada más aterrador en el proceso de ejecución, cuando se delegue en la figura del “Supervisor” el inicio de una obra con planos distintos entre si y tenga que pedir cuentas a cada especialista en la compatibilización de los mismos para resolver problemas mayúsculos. Ciertamente esto no significa que el Proyecto Edilicio no sufra modificaciones en el trascurso del mismo pero, el área de “integración” ha de estar presente, en un “feed back”, durante todo el proceso, hasta el cierre o entrega de la obra. Los procesos de Planificación y de Seguimiento and control are important before and during implementation. One could say with certainty that, between what is the start of the work, with plans developed and harmonized among themselves to reach almost to completion, after a series of changes in its execution will be the key to success between benefit and service.
2. Project Quality: linked closely with the planning, implementation and monitoring and supervision. Quality is the product of human resources which count and communication between different actors in the process.
3. Project Procurement: although during the planning stage, procurement are being planned and purchased under budget, control and monitoring processes and ensure closure to write them a hundred percent operational by the standards of the period and the respective test runs.

Therefore, this project is to integrate: scope, time, cost, quality, human resources, communications, risk and procurement. It is worth noting that within the Project Process, there are two key points in the beginning and the end. These are key moments in conjunction with the processes of Monitoring and Control, Planning and Implementation. Of these key points, knowledge and practice of quality management, Human Resources and Communications will be essential.

While the process is a unitary whole, with a beginning and an end within a period of time. Just as time can be defined as a succession of moments as a before and after, in the management of a project, the execution time of a work shall have a rate of bonded phases that make up the life cycle of a project. The terminology will become industrial engineering applied to construction. The work of the architect is free to participate in all phases with varying intensity in the process of improving the quality of their service. Otherwise be relegated solely to the realm of abstract design.

Basically these phases are eight and each is likely to become a project itself, falling under the responsibility of a person or group of persons (so-called "stakeholders"):

1. Feasibility study
2. Process Engineering
3. Basic engineering design
4. Detailed engineering design
5. Pre-construction services
6. Procurement of capital goods
7. Construction
8. Final testing and commissioning

In conclusion, the construction activity is an organic movement, consisting of phases, with a specific purpose within a of time, involving different actors. Its key points are the beginning and end of the civic work within a process of improvement of all stakeholders through the monitoring and control work in progress.

References:

(1) Project Management Guide. PMBOK. 2008. Project Management Institute. 4th Edition. Chapter Peru. Peru

Salman Patties Without Egg

Architect Architects trainers

UNESCO / UIA, concerned with training in architecture, introduced in 2005, this Charter with the intent to motivate the various authorities leaders of the Schools of Architecture in the Latin American strong relationship between Society, Technical Construction and Art, with no intention of leaning towards a position, an issue that - in contemporary education - continues to maintain the individuality of the avant-garde. Nicanor Architect Wong (jnwong@caplima.pe)

UNESCO / UIA CHARTER FOR ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION 2004-2005



PREAMBLE We, the architects, concerned for the future development of the quality of the built environment in a rapidly changing world, we believe that everything that affects how the environment is planned, designed, constructed, used, furnished, are incorporated into the landscape and remains, relates to the field of architecture. We architects, we take responsibility to improve education and training of future architects to enable them to meet the expectations of the twenty-first century societies around the world in relation to sustainable human settlements in the context of each cultural heritage.

We are aware that, despite the large number of spectacular and sometimes extraordinary contributions of our profession, there is a surprisingly small percentage of the built environment has been designed and constructed by architects and planners. There is still room for development of new tasks for the profession, if architects are becoming aware of the growing needs identified and possibilities offered in areas that until now have not been of great concern to the profession. In this regard, the need for greater diversity in practice and, consequently, the theoretical and practical training of architects.

This is particularly true for those who work in the context of developing countries, where the architects could accept the role of "facilitator" rather than "provider", and where the profession can meet new challenges. No doubt that the architect's capacity to solve problems can greatly contribute to tasks such as community development, self-help programs, educational facilities, etc., and thereby contribute significantly to improving the quality of life for those who are not accepted as full citizens and not counted as regular customers of the architect.

0.

OBJECTIVES The objectives of this Charter, in the first instance, it is utilized for the creation of a global training network architecture within which progress can be shared by each individual and emphasizes the awareness that architectural education is One of the challenges for the built environment and the profession's most significant contemporary world.

We therefore declare:

I. GENERAL

0. That educators should prepare architects to develop new solutions for the present and future, as the new era will bring serious and complex challenges related to social and functional degradation of many human settlements. These challenges include global urbanization and the consequent reduction of existing environments, a severe shortage of housing, urban services and social infrastructure and the growing exclusion of architects built environment projects.

1. That architecture, the quality of buildings and blend in with the natural and built environment and cultural heritage, both individually and collectively, are matters public interest.
2. What is public interest to ensure that architects are able to understand regional characteristics and to give practical expression to the needs, expectations and improving the quality of life of individuals, social groups, communities and human settlements.
3. That methods of education and training for architects are varied, so they develop the cultural richness and allow more flexible curriculum to meet the demands and requirements (including methods of project delivery) client, users, industry construction and occupation, whilst being aware of political and financial motivations behind such changes.
4. That, subject to recognition of the importance of traditions and regional and cultural practices and the need for differences in curricula that accommodate such changes, there is common ground between the teaching methods used and by establishing criteria, allow countries, architecture schools and professional organizations evaluate and improve the training given to future architects.
5. That the increasing mobility of architects between countries requires the mutual recognition or validation of individual degrees, diplomas, certificates and other evidence of formal qualifications.
6. Mutual recognition degrees, diplomas, certificates and other evidence of formal qualifications to practice the profession of architecture has to be based on objective criteria, ensuring that graduates have received and continue to maintain the type of training called for in this Charter.
7. That the vision of the future world, cultivated in architecture schools, should include the following objectives:

• a decent quality of life for all inhabitants of the world.
• a technological application which respects the social, cultural and aesthetic needs of people with a knowledge of proper use of materials in architecture and their initial cost and future maintenance.
• an ecologically balanced and sustainable natural and built environment including the rational use of available resources.
• an architecture which is valued as property and responsibility.

8. That issues related to architecture and the environment should be introduced as part of general education in primary and secondary schools because it is important prior knowledge of the built environment to both future architects and users of buildings.
9. That must be established learning systems for architects, as architectural education should never be considered a closed process but one in which learning is maintained throughout life.

II. OBJECTIVES OF ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION

0. Architectural education that develops students' ability to conceive, design, understand and execute the act of building, in the context of the practice of architecture that balances the tensions between emotion, reason and intuition, and physical shape the needs of society and the individual.
1. That architecture is a discipline that draws on knowledge from the humanities, social and physical sciences, technology, environmental sciences and creative arts.
2. That education leading to formal qualifications and allow professionals to practice in the field of architecture must ensure at university / tertiary level with the discipline of architecture as the main element being taught at universities, polytechnics and academies.
3. That architectural education includes the following:

• The ability to create architectural designs that satisfy both aesthetic and technical requirements.
• An adequate knowledge of the history and theories of architecture and the arts, technologies and human sciences.
• Knowledge of the fine arts as evidence which can influence the quality of architectural design.
• An adequate knowledge of urban design, planning and the skills involved in the planning process.
• An understanding of the relationships that exist, both between individuals and architectural creations and, second, between them and their environment, and the need to harmonize the buildings and the spaces in terms of scale and of human needs.
• An understanding of the architectural profession and its role in society, in particular in preparing briefs that take account of social factors.
• An understanding of research methods and preparation of draft construction.
• An understanding of structural design, construction and engineering problems associated with building projects.
• An adequate knowledge of physical problems and technologies, as well as the function of buildings so as to provide them with all the elements to make them comfortable
internally and to protect the climate.
• The technical capacity to enable it to design buildings that meet the requirements of users within the limits imposed by cost factors and regulations concerning construction.
• An adequate knowledge of industries, organizations, regulations and procedures involved in the design of buildings and integrating plans on building.

4. The following special points be considered in the development of curricula:

• Awareness of responsibilities toward human values, social, cultural, urban, architectural and environmental and architectural heritage.
• Adequate knowledge of the means of achieving ecologically sustainable design and conservation and environmental rehabilitation.
• Developing a creative in building techniques, based on knowledge of the disciplines and construction methods related to architecture.
• Adequate knowledge of finance and project management, cost control and delivery methods.
• Training in research techniques as an inherent part of architectural learning for both students and teachers.
5. That architectural education involves the acquisition of the following capabilities:

5.A. CONCEPTION

• Ability imaginative, creative, innovative leader in the design process.
• Ability to gather information, define problems, apply analysis and judgments and make strategies.
• Ability to think three-dimensionally in the exploration of the design.
• Ability to reconcile divergent factors, integrate knowledge and apply skills in the creation of a design solution. 5.B.


KNOWLEDGE B1. Cultural and Artistic Studies

• Ability to act with knowledge of historical and cultural precedents in local and global architecture.
• Ability to act with knowledge of the fine arts as an influence on the quality of architectural design.
• Understanding of heritage issues in the built environment.
• Recognition relationship between architecture and other creative disciplines.

B2.

Social Studies • Ability to act with knowledge of society and to work with customers and users that represent the needs of society.
• Ability to develop a project through the definition of the needs of society, customers and users, and to research and define contextual and functional requirements in different built environments.
• Understanding the social context in which built environments are procured, the ergonomic and space requirements and issues of equity and access.
• Knowledge of codes, regulations and relevant standards for planning, design, construction, health, safety and use of built environments.

B3.

Environmental Studies • Ability to act with knowledge of natural systems and built environments.
• Understanding of issues of conservation and waste management.
• Understanding the life cycle of materials, issues of sustainability and environmental impact, design for reduced energy consumption and passive systems and their management.
• Knowledge of the history and practice of landscape architecture, urban and territorial planning and national and its relation to demographics and global resources.
• Knowledge of the management of natural systems that take into account the risk of natural disasters.

B4.

Technical Studies • Technical knowledge of structure, materials and construction.
• Ability to use innovative techniques in the use of construction techniques and understanding of their evolution.
• Knowledge of the processes of technical design and integration of technologies of structures, construction and services systems into a functionally effective whole.
• Knowledge of systems services and transport systems, communication, conservation and security.
• Knowledge of the role of technical documentation and specifications in the project design and construction process, cost, planning and control.

B5.

design studies • Knowledge of theory and methods of conception.
• Understanding of design procedures and processes.
• Knowledge of design precedents and architectural criticism.

B6.

Professional Studies • Ability to act with knowledge professional backgrounds, commercial, financial and legal.
• Ability to understand different ways to procure architectural services.
• Awareness of the construction and development industries, financial dynamics,
investment real estate and facilities management.
• Understanding the potential roles of architects in conventional business areas and new, and in an international context.
• Knowledge of business principles and their application to development of built environments, project management and operation of a professional consultancy.
• Knowledge professional ethics and codes of conduct apply to the practice of architecture and architect's legal responsibilities in relation to the registration exercise, and construction contracts.

5.C.

SKILLS • Ability to act and to communicate ideas through collaboration, speaking, numeracy, writing, drawing, modeling and evaluation.
• Ability to utilize manual, electronic, graphic and model to explore, develop, define and communicate a design proposal.
• Knowledge of evaluation systems, by manual means and / or electronic order to a qualitative audit of the built environment.

6. That the balanced acquisition of materials and capabilities cited in Sections II.3, II.4 and II. 5 requires a period of not less than five years of full-time studies at a university or equivalent institution, plus a period of not less than two years of training in an appropriate workplace for obtaining registration / licensing / certification of the which one year may be carried out prior to the completion of academic studies.

III. CONDITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS OF AN ACCREDITED SCHOOL

Achieving the goals listed above must be taken into account the conditions and requirements listed below:

1. That schools of architecture should be provided with adequate studios, laboratories, research facilities, advanced studies, libraries, information and data exchange technologies.
2. That, in order to promote common understanding and to raise the level of architectural education, building a network for exchange of information, teachers and senior students is much needed global and regional levels to promote understanding of the various climates, materials, local practices and cultures. The use of external examiners is a recognized method obtain and maintain standards comparable to national and global level.
3. That any institution dedicated to education must adjust the number of students to teaching skills and student selection must conform with the skills required for a successful training in architecture, this will be implemented through an appropriate selection process access to each academic program.
4. That the number of teachers / students should reflect the design studio methodology required to obtain the above capabilities as teaching through project workshops should be the dominant part of the training process.
5. That individual project work together with the direct dialogue between teacher and pupil should be the basis of the training period and the continuous interaction between the practice and teaching of architecture must be enhanced and protected, while working in project workshops should be a synthesis of knowledge and skills required.
6. That the development of conventional drawing skills is still a requirement in the curriculum and modern computer technology and specialized software development training is imperative in the use of computers in all aspects of architectural education.
7. That research and publication should be considered as an inherent activity of Architecture and teachers should cover methods and experiences applied in the practice of architecture, project work and construction methods as well as academic disciplines.
8. The training centers should develop systems of self-assessment and evaluations carried out regularly by a review panel that includes appropriately experienced educators from other schools and countries and architects engaged in the occupation or participate in the system approved UNESCO-UIA Validation .
9. That education should be formalized by an individual's demonstration of capabilities by the end the program studies, being the main part presenting an architectural project to demonstrate the acquired knowledge and concomitant skills. To this end, the jurors must be made by interdisciplinary teams, including external examiners to school may be practicing architects and academics in other schools or countries with experience and knowledge of assessment processes at this level.
10. That, to benefit from the variety of existing training methods, it is desirable to include distance learning and exchange programs for teachers and advanced students. The final draft would be shared among schools of architecture as a tool to facilitate comparison between self-assessment results and training centers, through a system of international awards, exhibitions and publications on Internet web sites.

IV. CONCLUSION

This Charter was created on the initiative of UNESCO and the UIA to be applied internationally in architectural education and need a guarantee of protection, development and urgent action.

The Charter constitutes a framework to guide and lead students and teachers from all schools involved in the formation of Architecture and Urban Planning. It is designed as a "dynamic" document to be reviewed regularly to take into account new trends, needs and trends of professional practice and educational systems.

Beyond the aesthetic, technical and financial aspects of professional responsibilities, the major concerns expressed in this letter are the social commitment of the profession, ie, awareness of the role and responsibility of the architect in their respective society and improved quality of life through sustainable human settlements.

The Charter UNESCO / UIA initially approved in 1996 (Assembly of the UIA, Barcelona) has been drafted by a group of ten experts, coordinated Galino by Fernando Ramos (Spain), including: Lakhm Alwis (Sri Lanka), Balkrishna Doshi (India), Alexandre Koudryavtsev (Russia), Jean-Pierre elog Mbassi (Benin), Xavier Cortes Rocha (Mexico), Ashraf Salama (Egypt) , Roland Schweitzer (France), Roberto Segre (Brazil), Vladimir Slapeta (Czech Republic), Paul Virilio (France).

This text has been revised in 2004/2005 by the Validation Committee of UNESCO / UIA Architectural Education, in collaboration with the Education Commission of the UIA. The authors of this review were: Jaime Lerner (Brazil) representing the UIA and Tochtermann Wolf (Germany), representing UNESCO: co-chairs, Galino Fernando Ramos (Spain), General Rapporteur, Brigitte Colin (France), representing UNESCO, Jean-Claude Riguet (France), Secretary General of the UIA and the following regional members: Ambrose A. Adebayo (South Africa), Louise Cox (Australia), Nobuaki Furuya (Japan), Sara Maria Giraldo Mejia (Colombia), Paul Hyett (United Kingdom), Alexandre Koudryavtsev (Russia), Said Mouline (Morocco), Alexandru Sandu (Romania) James Scheeler (USA), Roland Schweitzer (France), Zakia Shafie (Egypt), Vladimir Slapeta (Czech Republic), Alain Viaro (Switzerland), Enrique Vivanco Riofrio (Ecuador).

Lake Mary Cruising Spots

Is there anything more abstract than feelings?

Si.Hay something more Abstact: Feelings facts

word poetry

Cornflower Blue Wedding Shoe

me out of here,



undress and strip skin Arrancame

until the pain is indifference. Let


flee with

naked body and my feelings are frozen until they lie



shattered on the lid of my coffin.


Let everyone know, my hatred
is


world and love?

hidden from

life in his brief career.

Pringles Are Baked Or Fried

Invisible Shelter

your sex is not sex that


but look
deflower your skin, polishing



spines that hurt my soul

and synthesize your scent

until my body is consumed.


your sex is not sex that



but look away, run away



life repressing these hands

tired of writing.




Finding inspiration in the fallen petals of a spring

wild



fly without wings to fall on your breasts,

land - without a parachute, on the words that emerge



lips and caress your soul until you lose



touch on my fingers.

How Much Should A Tiki Hut Costs

Confused Tree



A friend of mine sent me an email tonight with this thought, and I want to share with you all, hope you like it like me.


Once upon a time, somewhere could be anywhere, and at one time could be any time, a beautiful garden, with apple, orange, pear and beautiful roses, all happy and satisfied.

All was joy in the garden, except for a tree deeply sad. The poor had a problem: "I knew who he was."

"What I need is concentration," he told the apple, "if you really try, you have tasty apples. See how easy that is? "

- Do not listen, Rose demanded. It's easier to have roses and" See how beautiful they are? "And the tree

desperate, tried everything you suggested, and as he could not be like others, felt increasingly frustrated. One day he came into the garden owl, the wisest of birds, and seeing the despair of the tree, said:

- Do not worry, your problem is not serious, is the same as many beings on earth. I will give you the solution. Do not spend your life to be like others want to be. Be yourself, know, and to achieve this listen to your inner voice. And with that, the owl disappeared.

- My inner voice ...? "Being myself ...? "To know ...?, desperate wondered tree, when suddenly, he realized. And closing the eyes and ears open heart, and was finally able to listen to your inner voice saying,

- You'll never blocks because you're not an apple, nor will bloom each spring because you are not a rose. You're an oak, and your destiny is to grow big and majestic. Provide shelter for birds, shade for travelers, beauty to the landscape ... You have a mission stick to. " And the tree was strong and confident and prepared to be whatever for which it was intended.

Thus, soon filled her room and was admired and respected by all.

And only then the garden was completely happy.

And you ... "Let grow the oak in you? In life, everyone has a purpose to fulfill, a space to fill.

not let anyone or anything stop you from knowing and sharing the wonderful essence of your being.

Above all, remember, you can never know the purpose of your life if you do not surrender your heart to those who believe you. Knowing God is to find God's purpose for our lives.

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Topic: Fabulosos Cadillac - Oak
Idea: A young woman reads a read on an oak, which is an old tree q resists many hardships. The memories associated with some nostalgia that always lasts ...

Audio Books, Ohio Cdl

Why underdevelopment in Third World countries?

Abstract: Professor Vicente Pazos, Private University of Piura, in this article reflects one of the causes of underdevelopment from the business point of view and anthropological. It will be the main cause lies in the context of man as a social being.

A consultant (1) business management has stated that, on average, U.S. companies lose half their customers in five years, half of their employees in four, and half of investors in less than one. Consideration of these data leads to understand the scope of the truth and the consequent destructive power of lies. It is imperative, increasingly "... the deep conviction that a good reputation for loyalty and honesty in business is a major business assets, that all workers should promote the greatest care "(2) As you said Polo," ethics is not "moralistic" states the laws of human action so that if these laws are violated, the man ceases to behave as such "(3). In other words, ethics is not conceivable as cosmetics, as something external that enhances the presence of man is something that deeply affects him and all his actions.

Speaking of truth, Yepes said that "his presence ennobles man. His absence, lies and falsehood, degrades and impoverishes. Truth means wealth, precisely because it makes possession of those realities agree and acknowledge its truth. The man, in endorsing the truth, is enriched by them, becomes more human "(4).

When man works outside of morality, turns away from God and away from himself and others. "In Genesis (...) refers to the construction of the tower of Babel (Gen 11, 1-9), which became, against the intentions of its builders, on the occasion of dispersion for men and confusion language. This means that no external sign and, similarly, no purely earthly convention is able to make the connection between the missing men rooting in God "(5.6). The separation of God and the dispersion of men go hand in hand.

Where to find the ultimate reason for the sociability of man, and therefore, everything he built? It lies in the love of God which led him to create the man in the image and likeness. By faith we know of the existence of God in three persons in one essence. A huge mystery. A mystery that still would be higher if not, that is, if there were several persons in God, because then He would be a solitude. How could it be love to be a single person? When the church knew, by the revelation of the existence of three persons in God theological research focused on deepening the concept of person-and of terms that are required by the person, as a relationship, subject, generation, origin, etc .- so that at the end of the first three centuries, these concepts were configured with security. From this knowledge, theology have taught us that in God means to be for another person. Let's stay here because this paper does not correspond to more precise on the subject.

Well, the man has been created in the image and likeness of God (7). This image is in all that the man is and does: a person, work, family and marriage, social life, public and political, economic activity, etc. Human progress facilitates deployment, increasing potential already present in the human person from its inception. If God, a person is "being for others", the man created in the image and likeness of God can only find its fulfillment in a life oriented to the other: God and others. "This doctrine has special importance today because of two facts: the growing mutual interdependence of men and the world becoming more unified. Moreover, the Lord, when He prayed the Father to all be one as we are one" (Io 17.21-22) opened up vistas closed to human reason, implied a certain likeness between the union of the divine Persons and union of the sons of God in truth and charity "(8).

Man is destined to union with God and with other men. His own person, his life and do not degrade if not in the union. The connective that joins with God and others is the truth. If the man is not honest with God, not find it. And the truth is what unites the spouses, family, friends, partners, citizens (9). As mankind becomes more urgent mature these constraints (10).

"But the truth brings problems, we must assent to it, as Socrates did. Otherwise, coexistence is damaged, it breaks trust. ... / ... When you accept, the man is rich, and they gained a dignity and an unusual brightness, because there is more freedom "(11).

Aristotle taught (12) that" The reason why the man is a political animal than any bee and that any herd animal is clear: nature, as we say, not does nothing in vain, and man is the only animal that word. As the voice is a sign of pain and pleasure, and that's why they also have other animals, because nature comes to having the sensation of pain and pleasure and reported to each other. But the word is to show how useful and harmful, as well as right and wrong. And this is the proper of man over other animals, owning his own, a sense of right and wrong, of right and wrong, and other values, and community participation (koinonia) of these things is what makes the house and the city. "

" Aristotle says that man is a social being because they can speak. So if people do not know and do not talk, their coexistence is not exactly a polis "(13).

Some people tend to reduce the commutative justice: I will give a good and get another provided. And forget the distributive justice and we call social, or general, which in fact presents us with a debt to others. And the truth is the truth, which becomes part of justice-which enables configuration society of all their accomplishments. Something similar happens with distributive justice. Thomas Aquinas says: "Being a social animal, man owes to others what is necessary for the preservation of society. However, such coexistence is necessary for mutual giving credence to the words and believe that we are telling the truth. And thus acquires the virtue of truthfulness debit some reason. " (14,15)

words: "In fairness, a man must honestly to another manifestation of the truth" (16), for "Men could not live together if they have no mutual trust, that is, if not manifest the truth "(17,18). John Paul II has stated that "... efforts are needed by implementing lifestyle, according to which the search for truth, beauty and goodness and communion with others for common growth are the factors which determine consumer choices, savings and of investments (19).

"Man is the author, the middle and the end of all economic and social life" (20). A factor of the current crisis in many places is "indeed ... the inefficiency of the economic system, which should not be considered as a purely technical problem. ... / ... No man can understand, considering unilaterally from the sector of the economy, nor to define him simply on the base belonging to a social class (21).. "In the political sphere should be noted that truthfulness in the relations between rulers and ruled, transparency in public administration, impartiality in the service of public affairs, the respect for the rights of political opponents, the protection of the rights of the accused against summary trials and convictions, the just and honest use of public money, the rejection of equivocal or illicit means to win, maintain or increase power at any cost are principles that have their fundamental basis, and their singular urgency in the transcendent value of the person and the objective moral demands of the functioning of States. When these principles are not observed resents the very basis of political coexistence and social life is gradually jeopardized, threatened and doomed to decay cf. Psalm 13 [14], 3-4, Ap 18, 2-3. 9-24) (22,23).

"Society is indispensable for the realization of the human vocation. To achieve this goal must be obeyed, the correct hierarchy of values \u200b\u200bwhich makes the dimensions "material and instinctual" the being of man "to interior and spiritual" (8): The human society ... must be viewed primarily as a primarily spiritual reality of order: that will encourage men, enlightened by the truth, to communicate among themselves the diverse knowledge, to defend their rights and performing their duties, to desire the goods of the spirit to enjoy fair share of pleasure from the beauty in all its forms, to continuously inclined to share with others the best of themselves ; a desire to assimilate, to their advantage, the spiritual goods of others. All these values \u200b\u200binform and at the same time, direct manifestations of culture, economy, social life, progress and political order, the legal system and, finally, those elements are the external expression of the community its continuing human development (9, 24).

Development is a moral reality. "The core of poverty lies in not using one's energies, unemployment of human capabilities. A poor man is an underused ... A poor country is full of people so underused, ignorant and abandoned. Measure poverty is not only per capita income measure, but the rate of release of various forms of misery of the people of a country: poverty is ignorance "(25).

"... development must be achieved within the framework of solidarity and freedom, without ever sacrificing one to the other under any pretext. The moral character of development and the necessary promotion are emphasized when the most rigorous respect all requirements under the order of truth and goodness to the human self. The Christian also taught to see in man the image of God, called to share the truth and goodness which is God himself, does not include a commitment to development and its performance without the observance and respect for human dignity only in this "image." In other words, true development must be based on love for God and neighbor, and encourage relationships between individuals and societies. This is the "civilization of love", which often spoke Pope Paul VI (26,27).

weaves truth and enlightens men constructions. Without it, "... freedom la convivencia social se deteriora profundamente. Si la promoción del propio yo se entiende en términos de autonomía absoluta, se llega inevitablemente a la negación del otro, considerado como enemigo de quien defenderse. De este modo la sociedad se convierte en un conjunto de individuos colocados unos junto a otros, pero sin vínculos recíprocos: cada cual quiere afirmarse independientemente de los demás, incluso haciendo prevalecer sus intereses. Sin embargo, frente a los intereses análogos de los otros, se ve obligado a buscar cualquier forma de compromiso, si se quiere garantizar a cada uno el máximo posible de libertad en la sociedad. Así, desaparece toda referencia a valores comunes y a una verdad absoluta para todos; social life ventures on to the shifting sands of complete relativism. Then everything is pactable, everything is negotiable: even the first of the fundamental rights, the right to life "(28).

There is a crucial link between truth and the common good. You can not reach it, if society the question does not live in the truth, it does not tell the truth, hides or distorts everything that is necessarily the fabric of coexistence. John Paul II says: "The moral permissiveness mainly affects the most sensitive area of life and human coexistence. He go the crisis of truth in human relationships, lack of responsibility to speak, the purely utilitarian relationship of man with man, the reduced sense of authentic common good and the ease with which it is disposed of. "(29)

Polo claims that" Society means meta-spec: relationship between intelligent beings that are subjective, since intelligence or is restrained, not intelligence. You could say the same thing another way: the man is a social being, ie being dialogical, a being able to communicate his thoughts to others and thus establish a communication network. The company is ultimately the manifestation of the interior to the other on a reciprocal basis. The isolation is the collapse of human society "(30).

For that "... the underdevelopment of third world countries is not due to lack of natural resources or infrastructure, or media, etc., but a lie. When you lie too nobody trusts anyone and the common good does not appear "(31).

" Lying destroys the organization because the organization is based on communication and lies the void. If the social connective language, corrupting the language is solvent. Without this connective is impossible for the division of labor corresponds to the joint efforts, that is, to pursue common goals "(32)." When people communicate with the error decreases, because dialogue is an exchange that increases the knowledge of involved in it "(33).

Polo Wondering:" Can I use language anyway? No, but language should be used as a standard: the truth. Which truthfully does not use his language is destroying the language, destroying its language is destroying human cooperation, and therefore able to infeasibility putting the development of human labor. I often say that underdevelopment is not a consequence of inadequacy, underdevelopment is the result of lying too, that people do not trust anyone. When a man says "I'll do that" and then not do so and asked: "Why have not you done?" And answer "that I can not say that education does not "lie with their work and violates the basic conditions of the joint. In this case are other ethical problems. It's hard to live distributive justice, not knowing what skills does each one, giving each person what him according to his abilities: to each commission that can play better, is a prerequisite for social functioning. Ethics is not "moralistic" states the laws of human behavior so that, if such laws break, man ceases to behave as such "(34).

in a serious error, therefore, to consider economics as a force structure, oblivious to the moral act of man. "Any system in which social relations should be determined entirely by economic factors is contrary to the nature of the human person and his acts." (Cf. Centesimus Annus, n. 24) (35).

"Thus, in every field of personal, family, social and political morality, which is based on the truth and through it is open for true freedom," offers an original, irreplaceable and of great value not only for each person and to grow in goodness, but also for society and its genuine development. " (36), shows John Paul II. "Social order is necessary to develop a daily basis, founded on truth, built on justice, animated by love "(37).

not think the economic framework is the work of a few." economy is an allocation of resources, always scarce, made by a person or group of individuals, sets of alternative purposes within an operating environment "(38). This assignment is everyday and everyone." economy does not refer to a specific area of \u200b\u200bhuman activity. There is no "bargain. It is cheaper, for example, a bank of issue that a group of Marines. Money is not cheaper than the time available to a person. Economics refers to a special class of processes that occur within the production processes of human action: allocative processes "(39).

The market economy has proved as an efficient way to regulate economic activity. The social doctrine of the Catholic Church accepts this reality with some provisos." If " capitalism means an economic system that recognizes the fundamental and positive role of the company, market, private property and the resulting responsibility for the mass production of free human creativity in the sector of the economy, answer is certainly positive, but might be more appropriate to speak of "business economics" "market economy" or simply "economy free ". But if by" capitalism "is meant a system in which freedom in the economic field is not enclosed in a strong juridical framework which places it at the service of integral human freedom and consider it a particular dimension the same, which is ethical and religious center, then the answer is absolutely negative "(40).

The truth is presented as a basic fact in all social activity and, of course, economic. "Market economy is ... a system of organizing human activity that allows spontaneous confrontation of supply and demand personal and self-fulfillment of the assignments to which this comparison can result "(41). That is, without truth there is no market economy. Therefore, it does not admit a" extraterritoriality ethics. "The property has a social function, the market is based on transparency . The common good requires it. In short, in the words of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, "Development is the epitome of all social duties." (42,43)

"Lying directly affects the consistency of the order social. Although lying is followed by any particular advantage, the overall balance of the lie is negative because it affects the very foundations of the possibility of added value. If lies do not affect the organization, one-sidedness of consequentialism (44) would be difficult to refute "(45)." Lying is never justified and not just individual moral considerations, but because it disintegrates organizations it is corrosive of the great social life. This thesis has been to sustain today perhaps more strongly than at other times, because people will not just be convinced of it (in other times if it was). "(46)

The bag is the sounding of leaving the country. It is the market closer to perfect competition. It is hoped the training task objective and fair prices. That is to say its main note is transparency.

is necessary, therefore, protect the configuration social environment, with demanding legislation that would facilitate the defense of the virtues that are the basis of its ride quality. "The Church has rejected the totalitarian and atheistic ideologies associated in modern times with" communism "or" socialism ". On the other hand, has rejected the practice of" capitalism, "individualism and the absolute primacy of the law of the marketplace over human labor (158). The regulation of the economy solely by centralized planning perverts the basis of social bonds; its regulation solely by the law of the marketplace fails social justice, because "there are many human needs which can not be met by market "(159) (47). It should promote fair market regulation and economic initiatives, according to a just hierarchy of values \u200b\u200band the common good. Important object of this regulation is to protect the truth.

The State, therefore, "... for it to determine the legal framework within which to develop economic relations and thus to safeguard the fundamental conditions of a free economy, which presupposes a certain equality between the parties ... "(48).

St. Thomas teaches that" ... human law should not prohibit everything that is contrary to virtue, it is sufficient to prohibit that which destroys life in society ... "(49) . Lying is a major obstacle to development. No wonder, therefore, the hardness of certain laws in terms of taxation, trade, exchange, imports, etc.

not think that the social fabric is configured only with the big decisions. As every tissue is made up of many small threads. It is no coincidence that the development is accompanied by a culture steeped in truth: "I go to five ...." And it comes at five o'clock. "I will go." And goes. Missing the word, "practice duplicity is the worst form of lies" (50). And in certain circumstances, silence is the worst lie.

abuse of privileged information in commercial transactions is a crime, increasingly punished, because the truth subtracts from economic work by preventing the formation of free competition prices of factors. If allowed to "insider" advantage of undisclosed information, it would encourage delaying the information set prices, moreover, would be detrimental to shareholders, for the benefit emerging from the "insider." The configuration of this crime is increasingly being more broad. Will impose the European concept: anyone who has inside information, whether for whatever reasons, you may incur appropriate penalties under certain circumstances.

The media have a great responsibility in shaping society, and therefore economically. "The information in these ways is a service of common good (226). The company has the right to information based on truth, freedom, justice and solidarity" (51,52). They can not let go by the laws of a market that by not accepting the truth, no longer human. "Unfortunately," said John Paul II the staff of the magazine "Liboriusblattes" - sometimes betrays quantity to quality, public opinions are swollen with the aim of creating sensationalism, compromising the content of the news. Thus, often, the truth is sacrificed to the law of the market "(53).

could be asking this question: developed countries are so virtuous? Limiting ourselves to the subject of truth must be said that developed countries have traveled much of the path of virtue of truthfulness. Perhaps in many cases can not speak of virtue, not being framed in charity: but culturally if it is something made in that society. Virtue or not, it goes to the time that has been said, is stated to be earned, not tax dodgers, declaring the truth in the office, is considered perjury a serious crime, etc. And then the pieces are assembled and efficiency occurs.

end Listen to John Paul II, when he spoke in Lima to employers in year 88. "This option humanist from the Christian perspective is, like any option, clearly living a scale of values, as these are the lifeblood of any society. Without values \u200b\u200bthere is no real possibility of building a truly human society, since they determine not only the sense of personal life, but also the policies and strategies of public life. A culture that has lost its foundation in the supreme values \u200b\u200bbecomes necessarily against the man. "

The major problems affecting contemporary culture have their origin that will marginalize the personal and public life of a straight scale of values. No political or economic model will fully to the common good if it is based on fundamental values \u200b\u200bthat correspond to the truth about humans, "truth that is revealed through Christ in all its fullness and depth" (Dives in misericordia, 1.2). Systems that raise the economic status of the single factor determining the social fabric are condemned by their own internal dynamism to turn against the man.

The truth is that only by going to the moral and spiritual capacities of the person, you get cultural change, economic and social who are truly at the service of man, for sin, which is at the root of unjust situations, is, in its own right and essential, a voluntary act which has its origin in the freedom of each person. Therefore, the straightness of the customs is the health condition of society (cf. Instruction on Christian Freedom and Liberation, n. 75) "(54).

Citations:

(1) Reicheld, FF" The loyalty effect. Growth, profits and ultimate value, Ariel, Barcelona, \u200b\u200b1996, p. 15.
(2) "Report on Business Ethics" in The Business Roudtable, 1989.
(3) Leonardo Polo, "ETHICS" Towards a verion modern classical themes. " Publications Universidad Panamericana and O. Cruz, SA Mexico 1993, p.
46 (4) Ricardo Yepes STORK, Fundamentals of anthropology, an ideal of excellence human EUNSA, Pamplona, \u200b\u200bsecond edition 1977, p.151.
(5) John Paul II, General Audience 17-IX-1986, I believe in God, Catechesis on the Creed (I), Word Books, Madrid 1997.
(6) "Now, we can say that the drama of modern man, as man of all time" is precisely the fact that Babel. " (Reconciliatio et paenitentia 13g). "To carry out adequately the ministry of penance, is also necessary to overcome the" enlightened eyes of the faith, the consequences of sin which are a source of division and disruption, not only within each man but also in the various circles in which he lives: family, environmental, professional, social, as so often can be seen experimentally, and as confirmed by the biblical account of the city of Babel and its tower. Toiling in the construction of what should be both a symbol and center of unity, the men come to be more scattered than before, confused speech, divided among themselves, and unable to reach agreement. "(John Paul II, Reconciliatio paenitentia et 13e)
"Why this ambitious project failed? Why "got tired in vain the builders? Because men had made a sign and guarantee of the desired unity only forgetting his handiwork from the Lord. Had opted for the single horizontal dimension of work and social life, not paying attention to this vertical with which they had found rooted in God, their Creator and Lord, and oriented toward him as the ultimate goal of their way. "(John Paul II, et paenitentia Reconciliatio 13f)
(7) "God said, Let us make man in our image. ... / ... And God created man in His own image. The image of God he created them." Genesis, 1, 26-27.
(8) Second Vatican Council, Gaudium et Spes, n. 24.
(9) "In Jesus Christ God's truth is made manifest." Full of grace and truth "(Jn 1, 14), it is the" light of the world "(Jn 8, 12), Truth. (205) He who believes in me may not remain in darkness (206). The disciple of Jesus, "continues in his word" to know "the truth that sets free" (207) and sanctifies (208). To follow Jesus is to live the "Spirit of truth" (Jn 14, 17) that the Father sends in his name (209) and leads to "the truth" (Jn 16, 13). Jesus teaches his disciples the unconditional love of truth: "Let what you say," Yes, yes "" no, no '"(Mt 5, 37). Catechism of the Catholic Church, n. 2466.
(10) The acceptance of social relations and their enforcement should be considered by all as one of the main duties of modern man. For the more unified the world, the more the duties of man beyond the limits of particular groups and gradually extends to the entire universe. This is impossible if individuals and social groups do not grow by itself and spread in society the moral and social virtues, so truly become new men and creators of a new humanity with the help of divine grace necessary . Vatican Council II, Gaudium et Spes, n. 30.
(11) STORK RICARDO YEPES, Fundamentals of anthropology, an ideal of human excellence, EUNSA, Pamplona, \u200b\u200bsecond edition 1977, p.155.
(12) S Aristotle, Politics, 1253 ª 7-18.
(13) LEONARDO POLO, CARLOS LLANO, Anthropology of policy action, bards, Madrid 1997, p. 97.
(14) S. Thomas, S. Th, II-II, q, 109, a. 3 1.
(15) "... the truth is a virtue annexed to justice as a potential part, as a secondary virtue added to the principal." S. Thomas, S. Th, II-II, q, 109, a. 3, resp.
(16) S. Thomas A., s. th. 2-2, 109, 3.
(17) S. Thomas A., s. th. 2-2, 109, 3 ad 1.
(18) "The virtue of truth gives to others just what is his due; just mean between what ought to be expressed and should be kept secret: it entails honesty and discretion." Catechism of the Catholic Church, n.2469.
(19) John Paul II, Centesimus annus 36.
(20) Catechism of the Catholic Church, n. 2459.
(21) John Paul II, Centesimus Annus, n. 24.
(22) John Paul II, Veritatis Splendor 101a.
(23) The Old Testament attests that God is the source of all truth. His Word is truth (202). His law is truth (203). "Your truth, from age to age" (Ps 119, 90, Luke 1, 50). Since God is the "true" (Rom 3, 4), members of his people are called to live in the truth (204). Catechism of the Catholic Church, n.2466.
(24) Catechism of the Catholic Church, n. 1886.
(25) STORK RICARDO YEPES, Fundamentals of anthropology, an ideal of human excellence, EUNSA, Pamplona, \u200b\u200bsecond edition 1977, p.364.
(26) John Paul II, Sollicitudo Rei Socialis 33h.
(27) "Herein lies the difference between the kind of socio-political and the formal reference to" sin "and" structures of sin ". According to this latter viewpoint, in the will of God thrice holy, his plan for humanity, justice and mercy. God rich in mercy, "" Redeemer of Man "," Lord and giver of life "requires precise attitudes of men expressed also in actions or omissions to the neighbor . Here is a reference to the "second table" of the Ten Commandments (cf. Ex 20, 12-17, Deuteronomy 5, 16-21). When Not to observe these is to offend God and hurt others, entering into the world influences and obstacles which go far beyond the actions and brief life of the individual. Also affect the development of peoples, the delay or slow progress must be judged also in this light. "(John Paul II, Sollicitudo Rei Socialis 36f)
" Thus, moral standards, and the first negative prohibiting evil, manifest their meaning and personal and social strength. By protecting the inviolable personal dignity of every man, help to preserve the human social fabric itself and its proper and fruitful development. In particular, the commandments of the second table of the Decalogue Jesus also reminded the youth of the Gospel (cf. Mt 19, 18), are the rules of all social life. "(John Paul II, Veritatis Splendor 97a)
(28) John Paul II, Evangelium vitae 20a.
( 29) John Paul II, Dives in misericordia 12d.
(30) Leonardo Polo, "ETHICS, Towards a modern verion of the classic themes." Universidad Panamericana and Publications Cruz O., SA Mexico 1993, p. 78.
(31 ) Juan Fernando Selles. "Friends", n. 44, September. 98, p. 19.
(32) LEONARDO POLO, CARLOS LLANO, Anthropology of policy action, bards, Madrid 1997, p. 95.
(33) Ibid, p. 96.
(34) Leonardo Polo, "ETHICS" Towards a modern version of the classic themes. "Universidad Panamericana and Publications Cruz O., SA Mexico 1993, p. 46.
(35) Catechism of the Catholic Church, n. 2423, 2.
(36) Juan Pablo II, Veritatis Splendor 101b.
(37) Second Vatican Council, Gaudium et Spes, n. 26.
(38) Urquía R. Rubio, Professor of Economic Theory, Autonomous University of Madrid, English Journal of Pedagogy, n. 196 (1993), p. 552.
(39) Urquía R. Rubio, "The autonomy of economics", New Journal, n. 31 1993, p. 67.
(40) John Paul II, Centesimus Annus, 42b .
(41) Urquía R. Rubio, "Ethics, efficiency and market ", New Journal, n. 31, 1993, p. 54.
(42) Catechism of the Catholic Church, n. 1908.
(43)" Any form of unjustly taking or retaining the good of others, but does not contradict the provisions of civil law is contrary to the seventh commandment. Thus, deliberately withhold goods lent or objects lost, defraud in the course of trade (143), paying unfair wages (144), raise prices by speculating in ignorance or the need of others (145).
are also morally illicit speculation by which is intended to artificially change the valuation of assets in order to make a profit at the expense of others, corruption by which vitiates the trial of those who must make decisions according to law, the misappropriation and private use of public property of a company, shoddy work, tax fraud, forgery of checks and invoices, excessive expenses, the waste. Voluntarily inflict damage to private or public property is contrary to moral law and requires reparation. "Catechism of the Catholic Church, n. 2409.
(44) consequentialism, argues that the only criterion for the goodness of a human act as provided their effects. Forget that the human act is a reality while exercising and unaware that such an act produces consequences for the author and not only in external reality. Juan Paul has refuted consequentialism in depth. See his Encyclical Letter Veritatis Splendor, n. 75.
(45) LEONARDO POLO, CARLOS LLANO, Anthropology of policy action, bards, Madrid 1997, p. 95.
(46) Ibid, p. 93.
(47) Catechism of the Catholic Church, n. 2425.
(48) John Paul II, Centesimus annus 15 th.
(49) S. Thomas, S. Th, II-II, q, 77, a. 1.
(50) LEONARDO POLO, CARLOS LLANO, Anthropology of policy action, bards, Madrid 1997, p. 101.
(51) Catechism of the Catholic Church, n. 2494.
(52) "It is clear that such information, because of modern progress of human society and the closer ties among its members, it is useful and, most of the time necessary for the public exchange of news and timely events and things makes men a wider knowledge and continuing today, so that they can contribute effectively to the common good and the greater progress of the entire human society. Thus there exists within human society the right to information about things that men agree in the circumstances of each, therefore, particularly as constituted in society. However, the proper use of this right requires that the information is always objectively true and, save justice and charity, integrity, ... ". Second Vatican Council, Inter Mirifica, n. 5.
(53) Zenit, March 11 12/03/1999, ZS99031108
(54) John Paul II, Lima, Message to the world of culture and business. Seminar Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, May 15, 1988.