By: Gustavo Espinoza / / tavo301@hotmail.com
have been studying, throughout history, concluding that the architecture is part of the processes that accompany the development and evolution of society, in all branches of architecture, from its definition and conceptualization of their compositional elements such as aesthetics.
They manifest themselves in many ways, both as a necessity and as an integral vision, focusing on the architecture features of a service, such as suggested by Durand. He gives us an idea of \u200b\u200bhow the architecture is based on each specific detail, without leaving aside the idea that the text was made for a military court seeking efficiency and speed in teaching to military engineering.
Composing and performing arts are framing the architecture, as the text begins, there are two words that complement, is the process that follows one after other. Composing is the abstract, an idea in mind and sketches done in strokes, because once taking the whole idea can be done, build.
This phase between these two verbs is called process.
Durand tells us what can and should be the architecture, describing every detail of the architectural process.
first presents a goal, where architecture should go, or what they should have the architectural work, which is the convenience and minimum cost.
Convenience is the increased productivity, convenience, which should meet the building with the least possible expense, can be summarized in a minimum effort and maximum impact, so that the architecture can be considered efficient, good in itself.
The process must be approached in a holistic manner and not by isolating ideas, as this will lose the link between them and not form their union and complement, only scattered ideas. This process should be taken from the teaching of architecture, taking a generic approach that also opposes the specific, try searching for an architect to design the overall architecture.
Take it as a whole, means that not only is that it is drawn up or strokes, but to develop and implement the idea, must have been thinking all materials, taking as a basis for architectural expression, with the characteristics of the material that defines the shapes, proportions, climate and environment for use.
This is how Durand, suggests the complexity of the architecture, which not only gives ideas, but also explains how the writing goes back a sum of parts that eventually form the architecture, but at a time is taken as a whole, how the building is made taking into account the combination of materials and everything that makes up.
Although Durand sponsors a development of architecture, where efficiency (convenience and minimum cost) is the paradigm to follow, the abuse of this rule on industrial revolution did nothing to commercialize the role of architecture. Ideas such as Allison, pose a largely abstract question: "What is the source of sublimity and beauty of the material world?". Allison attempts to find an answer that is absorbed into a reality where the sale determines the way forward in architecture. Allison based his response on that matter expressed material and mental qualities, the latter as ideas from the individual as a result of the experience. All this is tainted by the industrial revolution. The effect aesthetic perception, the use of a certain matter, it becomes a way of determining a material for a sense, a style or a particular purpose. Another
Semper was trying to explain, better defined chaotic path which leads to the industrial revolution. He says that he turned aside aesthetics of technology, because technology sought to be more systematic and aesthetic pleasure is to seek the ways and why. Still, Semper not lose faith in it and claims that the science of art seeks to harmonize the new functional and formal requirements generated in the nineteenth century.
He notes the contradictions been dragging the design, because they begin to create items, and things that went hand in hand with your materials or work together. Just as gas lighting candles in the shape of where the function is completely independent from its form, seems absurd. Also emphasizes the use of granite in situations where it is unnecessary to put being a hard material. Semper
hopes of technological advance, is amazed by the technological advances, and believes he is part of a process within the science of art. These new achievements, they also put into question the materials such as granite - hard stuff - is subordinate to a machine that can polish it and shape it without much difficulty.
Durand, Semper Allison and we suggest that the architecture as a craft and process, is exposed to many variables that can greatly affect the development or course of action. Everything must be balanced and take into account one thing or another in the process should be, perhaps not in equal proportion but if intended for use to be given.
For example, the conception of architecture led in one direction, more consistent, can produce a reverse effect. The Treaty of Durand and his way of thinking about architecture not only helped in the development and building development projects, but also systematically summarized what all covered, with the market - promoted by the industrial revolution and consumer capitalism - something digestible voracious receptors as a systematic and simplified architecture. While the systematic
helps streamline the processes of architecture as a profession, it seems appropriate to reduce the process architecture. It must maintain its critical role and human, especially today where computer technology and processes allow for super speed, while self-generating processes and, if the architecture is relegated to the systematization, the architect and the office itself would easily replaced by the ability of models that can generate a computer.
This may not sound as optimistic as the vision of Semper, but consider that his vision could be utopian for today. He could not see the disasters that were made due to technological progress: the massive annihilation in the two world wars, the atomic bomb, the Cold War, the genetic experiments and global warming. All these developments have had on humanity with a critical view of technological progress. Semper watched the steady progress as a paradigm to follow which could not be disastrous, he tries to minimize the contradictions of progress, assuming that somehow "natural" be corrected by the science - as part of progress - and the evolution of the science of art.
closing, one could say that architecture is always going to be linked to the development of society, the changes it undergoes and how he takes a critical and humane, that different concepts can be generated on it so varied and contradictory as people and situations in the world, that despite these changes and directions that may emphasize - and persuade - in society, the architecture must maintain a critical role to assert constantly reinventing itself and survive as a discipline that seeks to satisfy the demands of man in particular and in community.
All these changes demonstrate how technology can be useful without neglecting aesthetics and perception.
Notes:
(1) Durand, JNL Architectural Digest lesson. Pronaos Ed, Madrid, 1981.
(2) Alison, Archibald. Essay on the nature and principles of taste. Edinburgh, 1970.
(3) Semper, Gottfried. Science, Industry and Art. Braunschweig, 1852.
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