By: Nicanor Wong Ortiz Arq
jnwong@caplima.pe
Summary: In 1951, the German philosopher Martin Heidegger, addressing a lecture that will become a classic architecture "Building, Dwelling, Thinking." From existentialism prepares a speech in which the experience of living above the building. This essay will stop at this point, experience as a way of holding space.
Keywords: habit, possession, dwelling, building, thinking, quality, form, matter, cause, being, substance, system.
1. Introduction
Theory of Architecture, as a grouping in whether different patterns of thought as to the subject itself - the architecture - is far from being a conceptual model of pure aggregation. The architecture itself is a unitary system (Ref. WONG, Nicanor. 2009. "Being of architecture in the perception and unity with its object of knowledge." Arche. Retrieved on November 22, 2009 at http : / / arkhe-noticias.blogspot.com /).
Thus, the theory provides a reason (from a certainty to another) and experience (knowledge begins with the senses.) Aristotle argue that the experience is the beginning of knowledge "the wonder is what led men to philosophize." Similarly, for Heidegger, the experience of living is the cause of the essence of the building. It seems therefore essential initiating this research from the definition of experience and knowledge of causation as to the German philosopher essences "are" from "experience" and "experience" is from the thought. Existentialist model throws some light on subjective knowledge, however need to invent new stocks for the system can sustain the way of the "pineal gland" of Descartes, where the blood becomes "spirit" and the soul resides.
2. Experience and knowledge of causality
The experience of cause and effect is probably the most challenged by the thought human for the start of hermeneutics. Life science and practice are based on the dependency between one thing and another. While some systems of thought deny causality, reality indicates that is an obvious fact (per se note) on which it approaches the study and research the validity of the application. And the basis of causation, there will be another "what it is." Since "is" can "cause." Tone, causation is a process of what we call "causes" and other things affect what we call "effects."
uptake of the notion of causality is not isolated from its effects, are closely linked to such an extent that can not be understood without the other. The German professor realizes this: "live and build are, with respect to each other in the ratio of medium order (...) with the means-end schema we are distorting the essential relationships. Because building is not only a means and path for the dwelling. The building already is, in itself, dwelling "(Heidegger, 1951).
could distinguish some key features of the concept of causation:
a. Everything that begins has a cause, so that any entity is capable of getting a new quality of another entity that already has: it is not possible the feeling of "live" without first have "lived" previously. B.
Everything that moves is moved by another. Aristotle make the move as the passage of what is in potency to act as it is in power. You will need something external to him, no action is possible to live if space is not built. C.
All the contingent needs a cause. Understood as contingent that which in itself has the power to stop being. That is, can be like can not and, if in fact "is" needs a cause of his being in the act, and this - as it is contingent - will need another in a succession chain can not reach to infinity . In fact, the history of man, shows that it is necessary to build for housing. However, the need to promote constructive act. We clarified what the German philosopher: "The consummation of the essence of the building is erected through the assembly sites of its spaces. Only if we live we can build. " D.
Everything should be on to something and not its essence belongs for some reason. Thomas Aquinas argued, "all compounded things have a cause (...): those in themselves are different do not agree on one thing because if not that one." Heidegger says: "hence, the spaces get their essence from locations and not from" the "space"; since the "space" in itself is pure potentiality.
In short, "nothing can be the cause of itself" because that thing would be and would not be at the same time, which is absurd. On the other hand, "no cause can produce an effect greater than itself," what is colloquially be understood as "no one can give what is not." The degree of occupancy of something built will therefore depend on its cause. Heidegger asked by the etymological origin of living, since its primary conception, find that the dwelling is associated with "ensure." Thus, argue that the essence of dwelling is "to ensure for "the unity of the four constituents of the universe, the divine mortals, earth and sky.
The cause is distinguished from other realities because that has a dependency on the effect. Thus, the realities related to the notion of cause is: a.
The principle: that of which something comes in some way. Hence, every cause is a principle, but not every principle is the cause. At this point Heidegger argues that building and rooms are almost identical: "If you listen to what the language says the word build, we will hear three things: building is properly habit, the habit is the way in which mortals are on land, built as dwelling unfolds into the building who cares - that is, who cares growth - and build it up buildings (...) The building already is, in itself, to inhabit. " Semantically correct, but not ontologically. The same author adds: "do not dwell because we have built, but we built and built to the extent that we inhabit, that is, in that we are living." B.
The condition, necessary provision for the exercise of causality. Heidegger need of language from his philosophical system, "the appeal on the essence of a thing comes from the language (...) The man behaves as if he were the shaper and master of language, when in fact it is language that is and has always been the master of man. " C.
The occasion: something whose presence promotes the cause of action. Correspond to a favorable condition but not essential. For example, when the existentialist philosopher says: "... the dwelling is not experienced as pertains to the being of man, the habitat is not intended never fully be fundamental trait of man." We must clarify that - in sensu stricto (in the strict sense) - "dwelling" is only possible when the man "is" beyond self-consciousness, unlike the German master.
Therefore, the causal order is the "know" to "action." The "build" is an effect of "dwelling", the "live" from "know" and "know" of "being."
3. Dwelling, habitation and possession: a question of relationship?
"dwell" in the sense of Heidegger, is a very human quality: "Mortals are, this means: enduring dwelling spaces on the ground of his residence along with things and places. And only because mortals, according to its essence, enduring spaces can cross (...) with a living space that has been, it discusses how this dwelling was able to build. " However, the "livability" is an external quality: "... we must distinguish the habitability is a quality of place and built it." And classical philosophy was distinguished within the nine genera of accidental substance, the "habitus" or quality for something can be "taken" ("usable?) By man.
The "habitus" as a term between - on one hand the act and power and on the other side between the exterior and interior - is played by Pierre Bourdieu as a generative schema are socially structured. Have been shaped over the history of each subject and represent the internalization of social structure, the specific field of social relations in which the social agent has been formed as such. But while they are structural, are the structures from which there are thoughts, perceptions and actions of the agent. In fact, the contemporary artist Spencer Tunick (TUNICK Ref: 2009. Retrieved on November 22, 2009 in http://www.spencertunick.com/) causes the viewer's attention showing hundreds of naked bodies lying widely in different places , a provocative act the way we perceive the world we inhabit and how we live.
But how habitability and / or possession can be the characteristic of being in what is perceived and knowing? Will, only a distinction of relationship.
"Place" and "build" are qualities of material entities in terms of reference established between things. In fact, does not support a definition, since it is an idea first, which can not be determined by a less known. Only be referred to or described, it is subject to immediate experience. Is one of the more general modes of reality.
The relationship belongs to a thing by virtue of his ordination to something external. This arrangement may be in the reality of things or just the operation of our reason with which we compare one thing with another. In the scope of our knowledge, the relationship seems to have a "being" so thin that some philosophers have argued that is a quality proper to reason. However, we know so natural and so real. Requires:
a. A real subject of the relationship. B.
A real terms than the subject. C.
A real foundation is the cause of the relationship.
But for Heidegger, the "relationship" as "reference" is of utmost importance to understand the elements of his universe, "the dwelling as caring care (custody) the fourfold (earth, heaven, the divine and mortal) in that with which mortals live: in things. But stay with things is not something that is simply added as a fifth element to the quadruple nature of which we have spoken caring (...) mortals cherish and care for growing things, erect proper things that do not grow. Caring and erect the building in the strict sense. Dwelling on the extent that it (custody) to the fourfold in things, is, as this keep (guard), a construct. "
Interestingly, "being" weak "relationship" as a quality of real entities is, knowing the inside of a "Being" strong. Said: "Our thinking is long accustomed to estimating the essence of the thing in a way too poor. In the course of Western thought it meant that the thing is represented as a ignotum (unknown) properties affected by noticeable. Seen from this perspective, anything that already belongs to the essence of the thing in reference seems to us, certainly, as an attachment subsequently introduced by the interpretation. " A criticism of the traditional metaphysics because of the emphasis of the analytical method. Nevertheless, the relationship between "living", "caring", "custody" and "build" essence is not a single reference to any member of the universe - as argued by Heidegger - but four acts, own, distinct from the human will on the vast space (measurable) which can be known and unchanged.
4. The vast space
Contrary to what the German professor argues, the space can not be understood as an essence, not by virtue of its relationship to other places and that all components have been the act of "self" of someone than them. Nor will the mere act of knowing, except that such individual is "being itself" or God.
entities materials are in regard to updating the same by substantially (that by which things are what they are). This updates the field in what we call hylomorphic composition as an essence and specific nature, caused by something or someone within the notions of causality that we saw earlier.
Interestingly, within hylomorphic composition, quantity, defined as the first feature that mainly affects the area and makes it divisible, measurable, and countable individual. I agree with Heidegger that "spatium" and "extensions" are the foundation of the essence of the place did, however, your property will principal, lo primero que captarán nuestro sentidos y sobre lo que los arquitectos trabajarán.
Ciertamente la primera característica del espacio individuado le otorgará en mayor o menor grado la capacidad de ser poseído por el hombre en base a la esencialidad del mismo. “Aquello a partir de donde algo comienza a ser lo que es (comienza su esencia)” sostendrá Heidegger.
Se establecerá pues una dinámica de relación entre espacio individualizado por la extensión, el lugar en base a la relación con otros objetos y el conocimiento del mismo en base a la totalidad del sistema unitario de lo que llamamos arquitectura. “Los espacios que nosotros estamos atravesando todos los días are ready for the places, the essence of these things is based on the type of buildings. If we pay attention to these references in places and spaces, between spaces and space, we get a foothold to consider the relationship between man and space "will say and do not separate the man from space since it does not happen without the other and modify each other so much so that added an extrapolation ontological mortals are inhabiting.
This view of the philosopher from the human inner greatly enriches the eigenvalue of what we call "place" beyond the Aristotelian definition of "continent motionless. " Heidegger enriches the concept from the sensitive knowledge: how to cope as a man and space is not simply the thought of living in an essential way "and why is not it, trying to save space causality materialized with his peculiar quaternity "Universal simplicity in which heaven and earth, the divine and mortals belong together, building receives the indication for erecting places."
The building will be a break habits that corresponds to the call of the four components of the universe. Since the let-live, the essence of the building that stands, we experience a more clear - continue - where he rests produced as an activity whose returns are therefore one result: the finished construction.
I can not conclude this essay has attempted to clarify the thinking of Heidegger from the philosophical realism without a masterly statement of the great German thinker, "the essence of building is letting dwell (...) Only if we live we can build." A territory that every person holding the title of architect of record heat in their minds, some minds that have to get used from the teaching profession to think about what they do. "It would have earned enough if entering dwelling and build what is worthy of being asked and thus remain as something that is worthy of thought (...) To build and think, each in its own way, are always inescapable for dwelling. But at the same time be insufficient for the living while his own take each separately instead of listening to each other. Be capable of this if both the building and think, belong to dwell, remain in their own limits and know that both the one and the other coming from the workshop of long experience and incessant practice. "
Sources:
Heidegger, Martin. 1951. Building, Dwelling, Thinking. Darmstadt, Germany.
Alvira, Thomas et al. 1990. Metaphysics. Pamplona, \u200b\u200bEUNSA.
CARDONA, Carlos. 1973. Metaphysics intellectual option. Madrid, Rialp.
ARTIGAS, Mariano. 1998. Philosophy of Nature. Pamplona, \u200b\u200bEUNSA.
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